Macnair, Ray H.

The Diversity Functions of Organizations That Confront Oppression The Evolution of Three Social Movements / [electronic resource] : Ray H. Macnair MSW, PhD,Leigh Fowler MSW, LCSW &John Harris MSW. - pp. 71-88.

The twentieth century history of three identity movements is reviewed with reference to their approach toward their oppressors. The African American movement, the Women's Movement, and the Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual Movement appear to follow similar paths from accommodation-assimilation, to normative confrontation, disruptive confrontation, separatism, introspective self-help, and pluralistic integration. It is hypothesized and demonstrated that these paths are evolutionary, as each stance appears to encourage conditions for the next stage. The paths are not linear, however, and it is the movement as a whole, not any one organization that is evolutionary. Social workers have distinct roles to play in each stage.


Mode of access: Internet.

Social movements, Women's Movement, African-American Movement, Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual Movement, self-help

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