Although maternal and child health have experienced a continuous improvement in past decades, it is still behind the Millennium Development Goals. This research studies the influence of maternal and child health care institution (MCHCI), which occupies a special position in China’s healthcare field but its impacts on the health of women and children have not been received a plausible attention so far. By using Chinese provincial data, the empirical results show that the increase in MCHCI beds diminishes the incidence and mortality rate of neonatal tetanus in China. Additionally, the rise in MCHCI beds does not correspond to the increase in health expenditure per capita. Our findings reveal the profound significance of MCHCI in promoting social welfare in China, and provide policy implications for other low and middle-income countries to further improve both maternal and child health.

雖然婦女和兒童健康在過去幾十年經歷了持續改善，但仍然落後於聯合國千年發展目標。通過使用中國省級面板數據，本文研究了婦女和兒童保健機構（MCHCI）對孕產婦和兒童的健康以及醫療支出的影響，該機構在中國的醫療保健領域占有特殊的地位，但其對婦女和兒童健康的影響至今尚未得到合理的關注。經驗研究結果表明，MCHCI病床的增加，減少了中國新生兒破傷風的發病率和死亡率。另外，MCHCI床位的增加並不與人均衛生支出的增長呈顯著的相關性。我們的研究結果揭示了中國婦幼衛生保健機構在促進中國社會福利方面的深遠意義，也為其他中低收入國家在改善婦女和兒童健康水平工作方面提供了政策參考。

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