The Chinese government is currently endeavouring to establish a new social management system, with the participation of the government and different parties in society, among whom NGO participation in social management is considered the essential approach for social management system innovation. The post-disaster relief and reconstruction of the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 left an indelible mark in the developmental history of Chinese NGOs, and provides an opportunity for us to examine the survival condition of NGOs. For this paper, we use a qualitative research method to trace the four-year relief and reconstruction process of a severely afflicted township in Sichuan Province during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, and examine the work of NGOs at different stages of the post-disaster operation, the role that NGOs played during the relief and reconstruction process, and the survival conditions of NGOs in China's contemporary social management pattern. By analysing the obstacles that NGOs have encountered in the participation of social management, this paper offers suggestions for the innovation of the social management system.

當前中國政府致力於建立政府與社會多方參與的新型社會管理體制，其中，NGO參與社會管理被認為是社會管理體制創新的基本路徑。2008年汶川地震災後救援與重建是中國NGO發展史上濃墨重彩的一筆，為我們研究NGO的生存狀況提供了一個研究的契機。本文以追蹤2008年汶川地震後四川一個重災鄉鎮四年的救援和重建過程，采用質性研究方法，研究NGO災後各階段的工作內容及其在救援和重建過程中扮演的角色和所起的作用，從而展示NGO在當前社會管理格局中的處境，分析NGO參與社會管理的障礙因素，為社會管理體制創新提供建議。

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