During three decades of rapid economic development and governmental anti-poverty measures, China achieved considerable success in poverty alleviation. However, because poverty remains a severe problem, this research analysed the causes and implications of poverty as well as the associated social policies, based on official statistics and survey data. Three decades of successful anti-poverty measures, have largely reduced ‘absolute poverty’, yet ‘relative poverty’ is still severe and substantial challenges remain, caused by the changing socioeconomic circumstances. To enhance poverty alleviation, relevant social policies should be reformed, including changing the underlying approach from addressing absolute poverty to addressing relative poverty, increasing the beneficiary coverage and raising the level of benefits, increasing public funding and improving the relevant administrative systems.

經過三十年的經濟快速發展和政府的扶貧措施，中國已經在扶貧方面取得了巨大的??。然而，貧困仍然是中國農村和城市的重大問題。本文根據一些官方統計和調查數據，分析了中國目前的貧困問題與反貧困社會政策的一些重要環節。三十年成功的扶貧措施令絕對貧困大幅降低，但相對貧困仍然嚴重，而且在社會經濟環境的不斷變化之下，正面對顯著挑戰。為了加強扶貧成效，反貧困社會政策制度應進一步改革，其中包括:將基本目標由反絕對貧困改為相對貧困；進一步擴大受益覆蓋面和提高保障水平，增加其公共開資；並進一步完善反貧困社會政策的行政管理制度。

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