Land is one of the most important assets in many countries, but property rights in rural China create unique circumstances worthy of consideration. Because the state and collectivities hold property rights and grant right of use, those who live and farm on land cannot freely use, transfer, pledge for loan, or bequeath that land. However, several recent social innovations experiment with ways to broaden flexibility on land use. Using the theoretical framework of asset building, this article discusses the current land policy, re-examines the asset attributes of land and discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of these innovations in rural China. The analysis leads us to make further suggestions concerning asset-based land policy.

土地是許多國家最重要的資產之一，但是中國農村的財產權的情況非常特殊，值得探討。因為中國實行土地集體所有制，集體對土地財產權利擁有處置權，耕種土地的人不能隨意使用、轉讓、出租或者遺贈土地。然而，最近有幾次社會創新試驗用來加強使用土地的靈活性。本文通過資產建設的理論結構，討論了當前的土地政策，重新檢驗了土地資產屬性；同時還討論了這些創新在中國農村的優缺點。這些分析可以幫助我們對基於資產建設的土地政策做出進一步建議。

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