In China, it is estimated that the number of people aged 60 and older will reach 171 million in 2010 and 248 million in 2020. By 2051, China's ageing population is expected to peak at 438 million. From human and social capital perspectives, an ageing population and its social networks can be tremendous resources and assets for the country. Productive engagement in later life (老有所為) has documented significant positive impacts on older adults, families, and society. The challenging question is how to support human capital enhancement among the ageing population. In this paper, the author suggests possible directions for the development of ageing policy and programs so that productive social engagement among China's ageing population will be maximized. Strategies on how to enhance human capital of older adults in the context of volunteerism, social entrepreneurship, and age-friendly community development are discussed.

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