This study examines the role of Chinese environmental non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in a recent campaign against the construction of a dam on the Nujiang River in the south‐western province of Yunnan. By examining how these organizations have promoted debate, participation and people‐centred development, it concludes that Chinese NGOs are increasingly contributing to the emergence of a pluralistic civil society and no longer restrict their role to uncontroversial service provision. This case reveals that co‐operation between NGOs and the government does not necessarily contradict the notion of civil society. If we want to understand China's emerging civil society, we have to transcend simple state/society dichotomies and acknowledge the growing complexity of the interests involved.

此份報告在於探討中國的環境NGO近期在反對雲南怒江流域建壩活動中扮演的角色。 通過分析此類組織在推動辯論、民眾參與和以人為本發展中所采取的方式， 本文認為， 中國的環境NGO正超越非爭議性的服務模式， 並為一個多元化公民社會的形成做出越來越大的貢獻。 此份個案分析突出強調了NGO與政府的接近並不必然與公民社會的理念相衝突。 本文表明， 如果我們希望理解中國正在崛起的公民社會， 我們就不能僅僅將中國的NGO限定在國家‐‐社會二元對立的概念框架中， 而應認識到各種利益關系間不斷增加的復雜性和多樣性。

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